Regular expression syntax reference

\

Marks the next character as either a special character or a literal. For example:

• n matches the character n. "\n" matches a newline character.

• The sequence \\ matches \ and \( matches (.

^

Matches the beginning of input.

$

Matches the end of input.

*

Matches the preceding character zero or more times. For example, "zo*" matches either z or zoo.

+

Matches the preceding character one or more times. For example, "zo+" matches zoo but not z.

?

Matches the preceding character zero or one time. For example, a?ve? matches the ve in never.

.

Matches any single character except a newline character.

( subexpression )

Matches subexpression and remembers the match. If a part of a regular expression is enclosed in parentheses, that part of the regular expression is grouped together. Thus, a regex operator can be applied to the entire group.

• If you need to use the matched substring within the same regular expression, you can retrieve it using the backreference \num, where num = 1..n.

• If you need to refer the matched substring somewhere outside the current regular expression (for example, in another regular expression as a replacement string), you can retrieve it using the dollar sign $num, where num = 1..n.

• If you need to include the parentheses characters into a subexpression, use \( or \).

x|y

Matches either x or y. For example, z|wood matches z or wood. (z|w)oo matches zoo or wood.

{n}

n is a non-negative integer. Matches exactly n times. For example, o{2} does not match the o in Bob, but matches the first two o's in foooood.

{n,}

n is a non-negative integer. Matches at least n times.

For example, o{2,} does not match the o in Bob and matches all the o's in "foooood."

o{1,} is equivalent to o+. o{0,} is equivalent to o*.

{n,m}

m and n are nonnegative integers. Matches at least n and at most m times. For example, o{1,3} matches the first three o's in "fooooood." o{0,1} is equivalent to o?.

[xyz]

A character set. Matches any one of the enclosed characters. For example, [abc] matches the a in plain.

[^xyz]

A negative character set. Matches any character not enclosed. For example, [^abc] matches the p in plain.

[a-z]

A range of characters. Matches any character in the specified range. For example, "[a-z]" matches any lowercase alphabetic character in the range a through z.

[^m-z]

A negative range characters. Matches any character not in the specified range. For example, [^m-z] matches any character not in the range m through z.

\b

Matches a word boundary, that is, the position between a word and a space. For example, er\b matches the er in never but not the er in verb.

\B

Matches a non-word boundary. ea*r\B matches the ear in never early.

\d

Matches a digit character. Equivalent to [0-9].

\D

Matches a non-digit character. Equivalent to [^0-9].

\f

Matches a form-feed character.

\n

Matches a newline character.

\r

Matches a carriage return character.

\s

Matches any white space including space, tab, form-feed, and so on. Equivalent to [ \f\n\r\t\v].

\S

Matches any nonwhite space character. Equivalent to [^ \f\n\r\t\v].

\t

Matches a tab character.

\v

Matches a vertical tab character.

\w

Matches any word character including underscore. Equivalent to [A-Za-z0-9_]. Use it in the search field.

\W

Matches any non-word character. Equivalent to [^A-Za-z0-9_].

\num

Matches num, where num is a positive integer, denoting a reference back to remembered matches.

For example, (.)\1 matches two consecutive identical characters.

\n

Matches n, where n is an octal escape value. Octal escape values should be 1, 2, or 3 digits long.

For example, \11 and \011 both match a tab character.

\0011 is the equivalent of \001 & 1.

Octal escape values should not exceed 256. If they do, only the first two digits comprise the expression. Allows ASCII codes to be used in regular expressions.

\xn

Matches n, where n is a hexadecimal escape value. Hexadecimal escape values must be exactly two digits long.

For example, \x41 matches A. \x041 is equivalent to \x04 & 1.

Allows ASCII codes to be used in regular expressions.

\$

Finds a $ character.

\\$

This regex entered in the search field, means that you are trying to find a \ character at the end of the line.

\l

Changes the case of the next character to the lower case. Use this type of regex in the replace field.

\u

Changes the case of the next character to the upper case. Use this type of regex in the replace field.

\L

Changes the case of all the subsequent characters up to \E to the lower case. Use this type of regex in the replace field.

\U

Changes the case of all the subsequent characters up to \E to the upper case. Use this type of regex in the replace field.

(?!)

This is a pattern for "negative lookahead". For example, A(?!B) means that GoLand will search for A, but only if not followed by B.

(?=)

This is a pattern for "positive lookahead". For example, A(?=B) means that GoLand will search for A, but match if only followed by B.

(?<=)

This is a pattern for "positive lookbehind". For example, (?<=B)A means that GoLand will search for A, but only if there is B before it.

(?<!)

This is a pattern for "negative lookbehind". For example, (?<!B)A means that GoLand will search for A, but only if there is no B before it.