Manage dependencies using Pipfile
Pipfile is the dedicated file used by the Pipenv virtual environment to manage project dependencies. This file is essential for using Pipenv. When you create a Pipenv environment either for a new or an existing project, the Pipfile is generated automatically. The file is added to the current project, you can see it in the Project tool window. Similarly, when you open a project with a Pipfile file in IntelliJ IDEA for the very first time, the Pipenv virtual environment is configured automatically.
Consider a task of creating a list of dependencies from scratch.
Record dependencies in Pipfile to manage project packages
When IntelliJ IDEA creates a Pipfile for a new pipenv virtual environment, the file looks as follows:
The
python_versionparameter is the version of the base interpreter you specified when creating a new pipenv environment. Thepackagessection is the place where you can list the packages required for your project.Note that IntelliJ IDEA suggests that you install Pipfile specific plugins. Click the corresponding link to install the plugin for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language (TOML). You will have to restart IntelliJ IDEA to enable the plugin. After the restart, you will see the message confirming that the Pipfile format is recognized:
Add a new package dependency by modifying the
packagessection.[packages] django = "*"Any time you modify the Pipfile file, IntelliJ IDEA suggests one of the following actions:
pipenv lock— records the new requirements to the Pipfile.lock file.pipenv update— records the new requirements to the Pipfile.lock file and installs the missing dependencies on the Python interpreter.
This step is very important, because IntelliJ IDEA manages project dependencies based on the information recorded in the Pipfile.lock file. So, any requirement added to Pipfile but not locked will be ignored.
Let us select the
pipenv updatecommand to install the Django package.Navigate to Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S, select SDKs in the Platform Settings, then select the Pipenv SDK. Ensure that Django is in the list of the installed packages.
Now explore the opposite workflow. In the Packages tab , click
to add the Flask package. Note that pipenv restricts configuring indexes using the standard procedure. All available packages are added from the sources specified in Pipfile. The packages are installed, removed, and updated through pipenv rather than through pip.
Once, the Flask package is added, close the Available packages dialog and review Pipfile. The
[packages]section now looks as follows:[packages] django = "*" flask = "*"
IntelliJ IDEA tracks if any of the requirements listed in Pipfile are not met and suggests that you apply the affected dependencies.
Apply Dependencies
Consider a case when you've checked out or updated the project source files and see the following message:
Thus, IntelliJ IDEA reports that your virtual environment doesn't meet the requirements listed in the current version of Pipfile.
Click Install requirements from Pipfile.lock to install the missing packages.
You might have noticed that along with Pipfile, the Pipfile.lock file takes the key important role in managing pipenv project requirements. Each time you execute either pipenv lock or pipenv update, the current snapshot of the virtual environment is taken. Examine the following fragment:
The file has recorded the exact versions of the packages that were installed for the project. It also has generated the hash codes to facilitate secure deployment of your application. When you're downloading dependencies from an untrusted source, the hash codes are used to ensure that the project files are trusted.