Tutorial: Replace Conditional Logic with Strategy Pattern

Creating and running test

First of all, let's make sure that the class works. To do that, create a test class, using the JUnit4 testing framework.

1. Place the caret at the class name, and then press Alt+Enter (or click ). From the list of suggested intention actions, select Create Test:

2. Choose the Create Test dialog, from the JUnit4 Testing library list, click Fix, if you do not have JUnit library, and then click OK:

   

3. Provide some meaningful code, using the provided quick fix to create an import statement:

   import org.junit.Test; import static org.junit.Assert.*; public class IfElseDemoTest { @Test public void low() { assertEquals(1825, insuranceFor(5000), 0.01); } @Test public void medium() { assertEquals(38600, insuranceFor(25000), 0.01); } @Test public void high() { assertEquals(78500, insuranceFor(50000), 0.01); } @Test public void veryHigh() { assertEquals(106400, insuranceFor(100_000), 0.01); } private double insuranceFor(double income) { return new IfElseDemo().calculateInsurance(income); } }

4. Now let's run this test by clicking the run button in the left gutter, or by pressing Ctrl+Shift+F10:

   

   All 4 tests pass:

   

Extracting methods

1. Bring forward the original class, place the caret at the expression

   (income-60000)*0.02+105600

2. Invoke the Extract Method dialog Ctrl+Alt+M:

   

3. You get the following code:

   package ifs; class IfElseDemo { public double calculateInsurance(double income) { if (income <= 10000) { return income*0.365; } else if (income <= 30000) { return (income-10000)*0.2+35600; } else if (income <= 60000) { return (income-30000)*0.1+76500; } else { return calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } } public double calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(double income) { return (income-60000)*0.02+105600; } }

4. Use the same Extract Method refactoring for 60000, 0.02 and 105600 fragments, and create the methods getAdjustment, getWeight and getConstant:

   package ifs; class IfElseDemo { public double calculateInsurance(double income) { if (income <= 10000) { return income*0.365; } else if (income <= 30000) { return (income-10000)*0.2+35600; } else if (income <= 60000) { return (income-30000)*0.1+76500; } else { return calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } public double calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(double income) { return (income- getAdjustment())* getWeight() + getConstant(); } public int getConstant() { return 105600; } public double getWeight() { return 0.02; } public int getAdjustment() { return 60000; } }

Using the Extract Delegate refactoring

1. Next, select all the methods created in the previous chapter, and invoke the Extract Delegate refactoring:

   

   The newly created class has the name InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh.

2. Delete all the selected methods from the class IfElseDemo. You get the following two classes:

   package ifs; class IfElseDemo { private final InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh insuranceStrategyVeryHigh = new InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh(); public double calculateInsurance(double income) { if (income <= 10000) { return income*0.365; } else if (income <= 30000) { return (income-10000)*0.2+35600; } else if (income <= 60000) { return (income-30000)*0.1+76500; } else { return insuranceStrategyVeryHigh.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } }

3. and

   package ifs; public class InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh { public InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh() { } public double calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(double income) { return (income - getAdjustment()) * getWeight() + getConstant(); } public int getConstant() { return 105600; } public double getWeight() { return 0.02; } public int getAdjustment() { return 60000; } }

Fine tuning

This code requires some modifications. First, let's change the class IfElseDemo:

1. Rename Shift+F6 the field insuranceStrategyVeryHigh to strategy.

2. Make this field not final.

3. Using the intention action, split it into declaration and initialization:

   

4. Move the initialization down to the corresponding if-else branch.

5. Get the following code:

   package ifs; class IfElseDemo { private InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh strategy; public double calculateInsurance(double income) { if (income <= 10000) { return income*0.365; } else if (income <= 30000) { return (income-10000)*0.2+35600; } else if (income <= 60000) { return (income-30000)*0.1+76500; } else { strategy = new InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh(); return strategy.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } } }

6. Modify the class InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh - invoke the Extract superclass refactoring for it.

   

7. • The name of the superclass to be generated is InsuranceStrategy.

   • All the methods of the class InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh are checked – it means that they will be included in the superclass.

   • The method calculateInsuranceStrategyVeryHigh remains non-abstract; all the other methods are made abstract by selecting the Make Abstract checkboxes.

8. Agree to replace the usage of InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh class (in IfElseDemo class) with the superclass, and get the following InsuranceStrategy class:

   package ifs; public abstract class InsuranceStrategy { public double calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(double income) { return (income - getAdjustment()) * getWeight() + getConstant(); } public abstract int getConstant(); public abstract double getWeight(); public abstract int getAdjustment(); }

Mind the settings in the Extract Superclass dialog:

Implementing the abstract class

1. Use Implement Abstract Class intention to create implementations for all strategies:

   

2. Name the new implementation classes InsuranceStrategyLow, InsuranceStrategyMedium and InsuranceStrategyHigh.

3. For all new implementations provide correct return statements for the methods getAdjustment(), getWeight() and getConstant().

4. Thus all implementation classes should look similar to the class InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh, but with strategy-specific adjustment, weight and constant. For example:

   package ifs; public class InsuranceStrategyMedium extends InsuranceStrategy { @Override public int getConstant() { return 35600; } @Override public double getWeight() { return 0.2; } @Override public int getAdjustment() { return 10000; } }

   Note that in all newly created implementation classes the class names are grey - they are not used so far.

5. Bring forward the class IfElseDemo, and modify all the branch bodies so that they initialize the strategy field, like in the last branch:

   package ifs; class IfElseDemo { private InsuranceStrategy strategy; public double calculateInsurance(double income) { if (income <= 10000) { strategy = new InsuranceStrategyLow(); return strategy.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } else if (income <= 30000) { strategy = new InsuranceStrategyMedium(); return strategy.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } else if (income <= 60000) { strategy = new InsuranceStrategyHigh(); return strategy.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } else { strategy = new InsuranceStrategyVeryHigh(); return strategy.calculateInsuranceVeryHigh(income); } } }

6. Rename the method calculateInsuranceVeryHigh: bring forward the class InsuranceStrategy, place the caret at the method name and press Shift+F6. The new name should be calculate.

Happy end

And finally enjoy the code:

Next, let's run the test class again. All tests should pass – we have refactored the code, but it still produces the same results.