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  3. Sass, SCSS, and Less

Sass, SCSS, and Less

Last modified: 06 October 2022

Available only in PyCharm Professional: download to try or compare editions

Required plugins:

CSS, Less or Sass -  The plugins are available only in PyCharm Professional, where they are enabled by default.

File Watchers -  Install the plugin on the Settings | Plugins page, tab Marketplace.

PyCharm integrates with compilers that translate Sass, Less, and SCSS code into CSS. To use a compiler in PyCharm, you need to configure it as a File Watcher based on the relevant predefined template.

tip

You can also use the compiler from the command line or configure it as a third-party tool, see Configuring Third-Party Tools for details.

Before you start

Installing Sass/SCSS

Installing Less

Compiling your code into CSS

To compile your code automatically, you need to configure a Sass, Less, or SCSS File Watcher which will track changes to your files and run the compiler.

When you open a file, PyCharm checks whether an applicable File Watcher is available in the current project. If such File Watcher is configured but disabled, PyCharm displays a popup that informs you about the configured File Watcher and suggests to enable it.

If an applicable File Watcher is configured and enabled in the current project, PyCharm starts the compiler automatically upon the event specified in the New Watcher dialog.

  • If the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox is selected, the File Watcher is invoked as soon as any changes are made to the source code.

  • If the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox is cleared, the File Watcher is started upon save (File | Save All, Ctrl+S) or when you move focus from PyCharm (upon frame deactivation).

Learn more from File Watchers.

PyCharm creates a separate file with the generated output. The file has the name of the source Sass, Less, or SCSS file and the extension .css. The location of the generated files is defined in the Output paths to refresh field of the New Watcher dialog. However, in the Project Tree, they are shown under the source file which is now displayed as a node.

Create a File Watcher

  1. In the Settings dialog (Ctrl+Alt+S), click File Watchers under Tools. The File Watchers page that opens shows the list of already configured File Watchers.

  2. Click Add button or press Alt+Insert. Depending on the tool you are going to use, choose the Less, Sass, or SCSS predefined template from the list.

  3. In the Program field, specify the path to the compiler archive depending on the chosen predefined template.

    • lessc for Less.

    • sass for Sass/SCSS.

    If you followed the standard installation procedure with npm, PyCharm locates the required files itself and fills in the field automatically. Otherwise, type the path manually or click the Browse button and choose the file location in the dialog that opens.

  4. Proceed as described in File Watchers.

Example: compiling SCSS into CSS

Suppose your project is structured as follows:

Compiling SCSS into CSS: project structure

As you can see, _grid.scss is imported in Page.scss. The example below shows how Page.scss is compiled into CSS when you save your project manually or automatically and how the changes to _grid.scss are reflected in the generated CSS file.

Although the default settings are sufficient to run the compiler successfully, let's still take a closer look at them to see how the File Watcher's behavior can be customized.

Change the action that triggers the File Watcher

The File Watcher wakes up and launches the transpiler as soon as your project is saved manually (File | Save All or Ctrl+S) or automatically.

In general, your code is saved automatically when you move the focus from PyCharm (on frame deactivation). With File Watchers, auto-save is also performed when you edit a file from the File Watcher's scope. As a result, the transpiler may be running all the time you type, which may cause performance issues. To solve the problem, suppress saving edited files automatically.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. . Select the required File Watcher (SCSS in our example) and click the Edit button on the toolbar. In the Edit File Watcher dialog, expand the Advanced Options area and clear the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox.

Auto-save edited files off

By default, the File Watcher wakes up even when a file from its scope is edited from outside PyCharm. To override this behavior and transpile files only on editing internally, clear the Trigger the watcher on external changes checkbox.

Trigger the File Watcher on external changes is off

Change the scope

By default, PyCharm monitors changes in all files with the .scss extension in the entire project. This works for our example. However, you can change the scope to process, for example, only uncommitted changes. In a large project, this will save time.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , select the required File Watcher (SCSS in our example) and click the Edit button on the toolbar. In the Edit File Watcher dialog, select the applicable scope from the list. Learn more from Scopes and file colors.

SCSS File Watcher: change default scope

Custom output location

By default, the generated .css and .css.map files are stored in the folder where the original file is and are shown as its children in the Project tool window. You can change this default behavior to store all generated .css and .css.map files in a separate folder.

Let's start with a simple case. Suppose you have a custom_output.scss file in the project root.

Project structure

Let's edit custom_output.scss, for example, replace fill-opacity: abs(50); at line 6 with fill-opacity: abs(60);. With the default File Watcher configuration, the generated files custom_output.css and custom_output.css.map will be stored in the project root and shown as children of custom_output.scss.

Default settings: the output is stored in the project root

It would be convenient to store all the output in a separate folder, for example, css. Let's create a custom SCSS_custom_output File Watcher with the css folder as the output location.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , then create a SCSS File Watcher as described above.

Update the default settings as follows:

  • In the Arguments field, type:

    $FileName$:$ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css

  • In the Output paths to refresh field, type:

    $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css:$ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css.map
New File Watcher with custom output path

Save the new File Watcher and make sure it is enabled.

New File Watcher with custom output path saved and enabled

Now, if you edit custom_output.scss, for example, replace fill-opacity: abs(50); at line 6 with fill-opacity: abs(60);, PyCharm creates a css folder and stores the generated custom_output.css and custom_output.css.map files in it.

Custom settings: the output is stored in a separate folder

Custom output location: preserve the original folder structure

Let's now consider an example where .scss files are stored in a folder structure, for example:

Project structure

With the default File Watcher, the generated files will be stored next to the original .scss files. If we use the custom File Watcher as described above, all the generated files will be stored in one same css folder:

Custom output: the generated files are stored in a separate folder in a plain structure

To have PyCharm preserve the folder structure, let's create another custom File Watcher.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , then create a SCSS File Watcher as described above.

Update the default settings as follows:

  • In the Arguments field, type:

    $FileName$:$ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css

  • In the Output paths to refresh field, type:

    $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css:$ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css.map
Custom output with folder structure: File Watcher updated

Save the new File Watcher and make sure it is enabled.

Custom output with folder structure: File Watcher saved and enabled

Now, if you edit custom_output_body.scss, custom_output_header.scss, or custom_output_footer.scss, PyCharm creates a css folder with the subfolders' structure that preserves the structure of styles_structured.

Custom settings: the output is stored in a separate folder, the structure preserved

Example: compiling Less into CSS

Suppose, your project is structured as follows:

Compiling Less into CSS: project structure

The example below shows how my-styles.less is compiled into CSS when you save your project manually or automatically and how the changes to my-styles.less are reflected in the generated CSS file.

Although the default settings are sufficient to run the compiler successfully, let's still take a closer look at them to see how the File Watcher's behavior can be customized.

Change the action that triggers the File Watcher

The File Watcher wakes up and launches the transpiler as soon as your project is saved manually (File | Save All or Ctrl+S) or automatically.

In general, your code is saved automatically when you move the focus from PyCharm (on frame deactivation). With File Watchers, auto-save is also performed when you edit a file from the File Watcher's scope. As a result, the transpiler may be running all the time you type, which may cause performance issues. To solve the problem, suppress saving edited files automatically.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. . Select the required File Watcher (Less in our example) and click the Edit button on the toolbar. In the Edit File Watcher dialog, expand the Advanced Options area and clear the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox.

Auto-save edited files off

Change the scope

By default, PyCharm monitors changes in all files with the .scss extension in the entire project. This works for our example. However, you can change the scope to process, for example, only uncommitted changes. In a large project, this will save time.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , select the required File Watcher (Less in our example) and click the Edit button on the toolbar. In the Edit File Watcher dialog, select the applicable scope from the list. Learn more from Scopes and file colors.

SCSS File Watcher: change default scope

Custom output location

By default, the generated .css and .css.map files are stored in the folder where the original file is and are shown as its children in the Project tool window. You can change this default behavior to store all generated .css and .css.map files in a separate folder.

Let's start with a simple case. Suppose you have a custom_output.less file in the project root.

Project structure

Let's edit custom_output.less, for example, change the value of @color at line 1. With the default File Watcher configuration, the generated files custom_output.css and custom_output.css.map will be stored in the project root and shown as children of custom_output.less.

Default settings: the output is stored in the project root

It would be convenient to store all the output in a separate folder, for example, css. Let's create a custom Less_custom_output File Watcher with the css folder as the output location.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , then create a Less File Watcher as described above.

Update the default settings as follows:

  • In the Arguments field, type:

    $FileName$ $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css --source-map

  • In the Output paths to refresh field, type:

    $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css.map
New File Watcher with custom output path

Save the new File Watcher and make sure it is enabled.

New File Watcher with custom output path saved and enabled

Now, if you edit custom_output.less, for example, change the value of @color at line 1, PyCharm creates a css folder and stores the generated custom_output.css and custom_output.css.map files in it.

Custom settings: the output is stored in a separate folder

Custom output location: preserve the original folder structure

Let's now consider an example where .less files are stored in a folder structure, for example:

Project structure

With the default File Watcher, the generated files will be stored next to the original .less files. If we use the custom File Watcher as described above, all the generated files will be stored in one same css folder:

Custom output: the generated files are stored in a separate folder in a plain structure

To have PyCharm preserve the folder structure, let's create another custom File Watcher.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open the IDE settings and select Tools | File Watchers. , then create a Less File Watcher as described above.

Update the default settings as follows:

  • In the Arguments field, type:

    $FileName$ $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css --source-map

  • In the Output paths to refresh field, type:

    $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css $ProjectFileDir$/css/$FileDirRelativeToProjectRoot$/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css.map
Custom output with folder structure: File Watcher updated

Save the new File Watcher and make sure it is enabled.

Custom output with folder structure: File Watcher saved and enabled

Now, if you edit custom_output_body.less, custom_output_header.less, or custom_output_footer.less, PyCharm creates a css folder with the subfolders' structure that preserves the structure of styles_structured.

Custom settings: the output is stored in a separate folder, the structure preserved

Configuring syntax highlighting

You can configure Less/Sass/SCSS-aware syntax highlighting according to your preferences and habits.

See also

Procedures

Reference

External Links