DevOps and Cloud

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These questions were only shown to respondents who had indicated “DevOps Engineer / Infrastructure Developer” as one of their job roles, and to 1/5 of all other respondents taking the survey, chosen randomly.

To what degree are you personally involved in infrastructure development (DevOps)?

The question was answered by all survey respondents.

During development, where do you run your backing services?

52%

On remote servers

48%

Installed locally

39%

In containers on my machine

2%

Other

Backing services are third-party applications your code connects to, e.g. a database, a queue broker, or a mail server.

During development, where do you run and debug your code?

85%

Locally

31%

In containers on my machine

28%

On remote servers

1%

I'm not sure

1%

Other

How many separately-running components does your application have, excluding backing services?

13%

1

11%

2

26%

3–5

10%

6–10

4%

11–20

7%

>20

These are components you develop or are developed by others at your company.

How many separately-running backing services (those you don’t develop, like MySQL, Redis, CloudFront) does your application have?

18%

We don’t have such backing services

10%

1

13%

2

28%

3–5

8%

6–10

2%

11–20

3%

>20

What configuration management tools do you / your organization use?

23%

Ansible

22%

Custom solution

5%

Puppet

3%

Chef

2%

Salt

5%

Other

What server templating tools do you / your organization regularly use?

61%

Docker

5%

Vagrant

3%

Packer

2%

Other

36%

None

Vagrant has no operating system limitations. Therefore people who use alternative operating systems, such as BSD, choose it more often.

Vagrant is more prevalent among PHP developers and has a higher share in Japan.

Packer is often a choice of DevOps specialists and people who develop IT Infrastructure, or software for server or cloud.

What infrastructure provisioning tools do you / your organization use?

37%

Terraform

29%

I use configuration management tools

20%

AWS CloudFormation

17%

Custom solution

11%

AWS CDK

2%

OpenStack Heat

2%

Pulumi

4%

Other

20%

None

24%

Terraform

15%

I use configuration management tools

16%

AWS CloudFormation

18%

Custom solution

8%

AWS CDK

2%

OpenStack Heat

1%

Pulumi

3%

Other

34%

None

How do you use containers?

64%

I run multiple application containers

44%

I run my application in one container and use backing services

37%

I run dockerized utilities

2%

Other

What container orchestration services do you use in production?

40%

Kubernetes

16%

Amazon ECS / Fargate

10%

Amazon EKS

10%

Docker Swarm

1%

Hashicorp Nomad

1%

Mesos or DC / OS

1%

CoreOS Tectonic

4%

Other

37%

None

How familiar are you with Docker Compose?

40%

I'm not very familiar

27%

I’ve run containers using Docker Compose

5%

I’ve contributed to Docker Compose YAML files

20%

I’ve written new Docker Compose YAML files

7%

I have a deep understanding of Docker Compose

How familiar are you with Docker?

19%

I'm not very familiar

17%

I know what Docker is, but haven’t used it a lot

27%

I've used Docker to run a container before

5%

I’ve contributed to Dockerfiles

23%

I’ve written new Dockerfiles

10%

I have a deep understanding of Docker

How familiar are you with Kubernetes?

24%

I'm not very familiar

17%

I’ve run some Kubernetes configuration through a CI tool

27%

I’ve run some pods in Kubernetes

11%

I’ve contributed to Kubernetes configurations

12%

I’ve created new Kubernetes configurations

9%

I have a deep understanding of Kubernetes

Does your company provide you with credentials for any of the following?

54%

No

27%

AWS

16%

Kubernetes

11%

Azure

11%

Google Cloud Platform

70%

of both AWS and Azure cloud users are provided with credentials by their companies. For Google Cloud Platform users this number is a bit less at 64%. And among Kubernetes users only 52% have credentials.

Which level of access do you have to ...?

36%

Administrator access

35%

Create and delete compute resources

15%

Read only

14%

I prefer not to say

41%

Administrator access

28%

Create and delete compute resources

16%

I prefer not to say

15%

Read only

45%

Administrator access

27%

Create and delete compute resources

14%

Read only

13%

I prefer not to say

39%

Administrator access

31%

Create and delete compute resources

16%

Read only

14%

I prefer not to say

How do you run your containerized application during development?

54%

Docker Compose

41%

Docker run

17%

Kubernetes

17%

Outside containers

3%

Other

Where do you keep your artifacts?

35%

I don't keep artifacts

16%

Docker Hub

13%

Amazon S3

13%

I don’t know

9%

npm

8%

Nexus

8%

Custom tool

7%

JFrog Artifactory

4%

NuGet

8%

Other

The preferred way to keep artifacts often depends on the technology stack. That’s why npm is more popular among web developers, while among NuGet users, 88% use C#. One out of every two JFrog Artifactory users considers Java as a main language.

Host

Where do you host your databases and / or services and / or applications that you or your company develop?

50%

53%

Cloud Service

46%

46%

Locally

44%

51%

Private Servers

1%

1%

Other

Hosting on private servers has decreased this year. Before 2020 it was the leading approach to hosting, and since then has been showing a downward trend.

Where do you primarily host?

35%

Cloud services

34%

Both private and cloud servers about equally

29%

Private servers

2%

I'm not sure

Private servers are somewhat more often used by developers who work in financial and medical industries. Companies that are involved in education / training are somewhat more likely to host locally.

Which cloud services do you use?

61%

64%

Amazon Web Services

25%

22%

Microsoft Azure

23%

25%

Google Cloud Platform

10%

12%

Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun)

This year Microsoft Azure overtook Google Cloud Platform as the second most popular cloud service.

Based on our data, DigitalOcean has significantly decreased its share in 2022 compared to 2021, because it is widely used for website development. In 2021, we had a disproportionately high number of PHP developers who filled out the survey.

Which cloud service do you use the most?

51%

Amazon Web Services

15%

Microsoft Azure

11%

Google Cloud Platform

8%

Alibaba Cloud

4%

Heroku

4%

DigitalOcean

1%

Huawei Cloud

7%

Other

38%

of developers who responded said they use multiple cloud services.

Which cloud service do you use the most?

By country or region

Amazon Web ServicesMicrosoft AzureGoogle Cloud PlatformAlibaba CloudHerokuDigitalOceanOther
76%6%8%0%1%0%8%South Korea
70%9%10%0%4%1%5%Japan
63%14%11%6%3%2%Ukraine
60%16%10%4%4%5%India
59%16%12%0%3%4%6%United States
57%21%9%2%6%5%United Kingdom
54%16%12%9%3%5%Brazil
54%22%12%1%6%5%Canada
52%19%16%3%4%6%Other Europe
51%17%13%9%5%5%Argentina
51%17%17%0%5%4%5%Other South-East Asia and Oceania
50%22%15%3%4%6%Eastern Europe, Balkans and the Caucasus
49%22%11%0%5%5%7%Spain
49%18%15%1%5%7%6%Turkey
47%29%11%0%1%2%10%Germany
46%16%19%7%8%5%Latin America
45%14%14%11%8%8%Africa, Middle East, Central Asia
45%21%13%9%9%4%Mexico
41%30%13%2%6%8%Northern Europe and Benelux
37%12%19%5%2%24%France
35%5%13%3%9%35%Russian Federation
13%6%4%59%0%2%16%China
0%76%
DevOps and Cloud:

2022

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