Resolve Git conflicts
When you work in a team, you may come across a situation when somebody pushes changes to a file you are currently working on. If these changes do not overlap (that is, changes were made to different lines of code), the conflicting files are merged automatically. However, if the same lines were affected, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve the conflict.
In Git, conflicts may arise when you attempt to perform one of the following operations: pull, merge, rebase, cherry-pick, unstash changes or apply a patch. If there are conflicts, these operations will fail, and you will be prompted to accept the upstream version, prefer your version, or merge the changes:
The Conflicts dialog is triggered automatically when a conflict is detected on the Git level.
If you click Close in this dialog or call a Git operation that leads to a merge conflict from the command line, a Merge Conflicts node will appear in the Changes view of the Commit tool window with a link to resolve them:
MPS provides a tool for resolving conflicts locally. This tool consists of three panes:
The left pane shows the read-only local copy
The right pane shows the read-only version checked in to the repository.
The central pane is a fully-functional editor where the results of resolving conflicts are displayed. Initially, the contents of this pane are the same as the base revision of the file, that is, the revision from which both conflicting versions are derived.
Modified line
Deleted lines
Newly added lines
Conflicting lines
Conflict resolution in the merge dialog
Merge conflicts can be resolved manually by the user. A three-window merge dialog shows the user both conflicting versions and the result of manual conflict resolution in the middle. Code can be moved from both side windows or edited manually.
For children in a multiple cardinality role, it is convenient to be able to add children from both side windows. So after applying changes from one side of the conflict, the other conflicting changes are converted to an "addition" that can be applied to the end of the changed group.
For example:
After applying the left version of the conflict, you can still apply or ignore the line from the right side:
Resolve conflicts
Click Merge in the Conflicts dialog, the Resolve link in the Local Changes view, or select the conflicting file in the editor and choose VCS | Git | Resolve Conflicts from the main menu.
To automatically merge all non-conflicting changes, click
(Apply All Non-Conflicting Changes) on the toolbar. You can also use the 
(Apply Non-Conflicting Changes from the Left Side) and 
(Apply Non-Conflicting Changes from the Right Side) to merge non-conflicting changes from the left/right parts of the dialog, respectively.To resolve a conflict, you need to select which action to apply (accept
or ignore 
) to the left (local) and the right (repository) versions and check the resulting code in the central pane:You can also right-click a highlighted conflict in the central pane and use the commands from the context menu. The Resolve using Left and Resolve using Right commands provide a shortcut to accepting changes from one side and ignoring them from the other side, respectively:
For simple conflicts (for example, if the beginning and the end of the same line have been modified in different file revisions), the Resolve simple conflicts
button that allows merging the changes in one click becomes available.
Such conflicts are not resolved with the Apply All Non-Conflicting Changes action since you must make sure that they are resolved properly.
It may also be useful to compare different versions to resolve a conflict. Use the
toolbar button to invoke the list of options. Note that Base refers to the file version that the local and the repository versions originated from (initially displayed in the middle pane), while Middle refers to the resulting version. Review merge results in the central pane and click Apply.
Productivity tips
- Apply non-conflicting changes automatically
You can configure MPS to always apply non-conflicting changes automatically instead of telling it to do so from the Merge dialog. To do this, select the Automatically apply non-conflicting changes option on the Tools | Diff Merge page of settings Ctrl+Alt+S.
- Manage changes in the central pane
You can manage changes in the central pane using the toolbar that appears when you hover over a change marker in the gutter and then click it. The toolbar is displayed together with a frame showing the previous contents of the modified line:
For example, when there are multiple non-conflicting changes, and you only need to skip one or two of them, it's easier to apply all of them simultaneously using the Apply all non-conflicting changes action and then undo the unwanted ones using the Revert action from this toolbar.
- Changes in Node ID
When a node is deleted and then re-typed, a new node is created, which introduces a change in VCS. The node, however, only differs from the deleted node in its internal unique ID value. The MPS diff dialog offers a button to hide such changes and the merge process treats the ID changes as non-conflicting.
- Changes in resolve info
When a node is renamed the references to that node do not change, however their resolve info as well as the visual appearance change. The MPS diff dialog offers a button to hide such changes on the reference nodes and the merge process treats the resolve info changes as non-conflicting.
- Moved nodes
When a node is moved to a new location, the node itself is not really changed. The MPS diff dialog offers a button to track moved nodes as a separate kind of change instead of as a pair of delete and insert operations. In addition to that, the dialog offers an option to hide moves of nodes in an unorderred collection, since in such cases the actual position of a node in that collection is guaranteed not to matter for the model semantics.
- Show inspector
The MPS diff dialog offers a button to show the Inspector tool window in both panels.
- Synchronized scrolling
When scrolling in the diff dialog, both panels scroll at the same time to easy visual comparison of both variants of the code. The MPS diff dialog offers a button to disable synchronized scrolling so that both panels can be scorred independently. This is useful, for example, to compare code that has been moved to a new distant location.
- Diff for merge commits
When a merge commits introduces changes with respect to both of its parent commits, the diff dialog shows three panels instead of two. The middle panel shows the final result of the merge, while the left and the right panels show the two parent commits. The differences between the merge commit and its respective parent commits are graphically highlighted. This three-panel diff dialog appears for merge commits in the Git log view, in the root history dialog window and also as a result of calling the “Show diff” action from an annotated line or cell.
Handle conflicts related to LF and CRLF line endings
Quite often, people working in a team and contributing to the same repository use different operating systems. This may result in problems with line ending, because Unix, Linux and macOS use LF, and Windows uses CRLF to mark the end of a line.
MPS displays the discrepancies in line endings in the Diff Viewer, so you can fix them manually. If you want Git to solve such conflicts automatically, you need to set the core.autocrlf attribute to true on Windows and to input on Linux and macOS (for more details, refer to Dealing with line endings). You can change the configuration manually by running git config --global core.autocrlf true on Windows or git config --global core.autocrlf input on Linux and macOS.
However, MPS can automatically analyze your configuration, warn you if you are about to commit CRLF into a remote repository, and suggest setting the core.autocrlf setting to true or input depending on your operating system.
To enable smart handling of LF and CRLF line separators, open the Settings dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, and select the Version Control | Git node on the left. Enable the Warn if CRLF line separators are about to be committed option.
After you have enabled this option, MPS will display the Line Separators Warning Dialog each time you are about to commit a file with CRLF separators, unless you have set any related Git attributes in the affected file (in this case, MPS supposes that you clearly understand what you are doing and excludes this file from analysis).
In the Line Separators Warning Dialog, click one of the following:
Commit As Is to ignore the warning and commit a file with
CRLFseparators.Fix and Commit to have the
core.autocrlfattribute set totrueorinputdepending on your operating system. As a result,CRLFline separators will be replaced withLFbefore the commit.
If, at a later time, you need to review how exactly conflicts were resolved during a merge, you can locate the required merge commit in the Log tab of the Git tool window Alt+9, select a file with conflicts in the Commit Details pane in the right, and click or press Ctrl+D. For more information, refer to Review how changes were merged.