Data Sources and Drivers dialog

Enable the Database Tools and SQL plugin

This functionality relies on the Database Tools and SQL plugin, which is bundled and enabled in PyCharm by default. If the relevant features are not available, make sure that you did not disable the plugin.

Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open settings and then select Plugins.
Open the Installed tab, find the Database Tools and SQL plugin, and select the checkbox next to the plugin name.

To access the Data Sources and Drivers dialog (Shift+Enter) , perform one of the following actions:

In the Database tool window ( View | Tool Windows | Database) , click the Data Source Properties button .
In the Database tool window ( View | Tool Windows | Database) , click the Add button and navigate to Data Source | <data_source_vendor>.

Overview

In the Data Sources and Drivers dialog, you can manage your data sources and database drivers.

Left pane controls

When you select an item from the list of data sources and drivers, settings of the item appear on the right side of the dialog.

Toolbar

Item	Shortcut	Description
	`Alt+Insert`	Create a data source or a driver.
	`Delete`	Remove the selected item or items from the list.
	`Ctrl+D`	Create a copy of the selected data source or driver.
	`Ctrl+B`	Navigate to the driver settings that are associated with the selected data source.
		Move the selected data source to the global or project level. For more information about global and project levels, refer to Data sources.
		Switch between recently-used items.

Context menu

Item	Shortcut	Description
Add	`Alt+Insert`	Create a data source or a driver.
Remove	`Delete`	Remove the selected item or items from the list.
Duplicate	`Ctrl+D`	Create a copy of the selected data source or driver.
Go to Driver	`Ctrl+B`	Navigate to the driver settings that are associated with the selected data source.
Make Global Move to Project		Move the selected data source to the global or project level. For more information about global and project levels, refer to Data sources.
Change Driver		Associate a data source with a driver.
Reset Changes	`Ctrl+Alt+Z`	Revert changes for the selected item.
Load Sources		Load source code of database objects for the selected category of schemas.
Show Driver Usages	`Alt+F7`	Show data sources that use the selected driver.

Data Sources

The Data Sources section includes settings of regular data sources and DDL data sources.

Regular

Settings pane of a regular data source includes the following tabs: General, Options, SSH/SSL, Schemas, Advanced.

General tab of the Data Sources and Drivers dialog

For more information about managing and creating regular data sources, refer to Data sources. To learn more about connection settings of a certain database, refer to the dedicated topic.

Creating and configuring data sources of different databases

General

The General tab includes settings that you need to specify for a database connection.

The set of fields and controls on the tab depends on the option selected in the Connection type list.

Data Source and Drivers dialog: General tab of Data Sources settings

Item	Description
Connection type	A connection type that you want to use for the database connection. URL only This option, generally, is for editing the database connection URL directly. When you select this option, only the following fields are available: User, Password, and URL. You should edit the URL right in the field. Your user name and password, if necessary, are specified in the corresponding fields or within the URL in the format appropriate for the JDBC driver that you are using. For the URL only connection type, the JDBC URL is stored in plain text as is, and is also available in IDE log file and data source information. Other connection types When using any other of the options (the options are DBMS-specific), PyCharm forms the database connection URL automatically using the info in the fields above the URL field. In all such cases, normally, you don't need to edit the URL (though you can if you want).
Driver	Specify the driver from the Drivers list that you want to use for the connection.
File	The path to the database file. Use the Open icon () to select an existing database file. The Save icon () creates a copy of a database file and changes a path to the copy location.
Path	The path to the database file or folder. Use the Open icon () to select an existing database file or a folder.
Host	The hostname (domain name) or the IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) of the computer where the database is located. If the database is on your local computer, specify localhost or 127.0.0.1. If you are using SSH, the database host must be accessible by the specified domain name or IP address from the computer on which the SSH proxy runs. See SSH/SSL tab.
Port	The database port number.
Database	The name of the target database or schema.
User	The name of your database user account.
Password	The password for the database user.
Save	Save settings for the password field. You can select the following options for storing your password: Never: password is prompted each time you establish a connection with a database. Until restart: password is saved only for the current PyCharm run. If you exit PyCharm and open it again, you have to provide the password again. For session: password is saved only for the current connection session with a database (until you disconnect from it). You can terminate the connection by pressing the Deactivate icon () or `Ctrl+F2`. Forever: password is saved in the PyCharm storage. You do not need to provide the password next time you open PyCharm. IDE Passwords Settings: click to access the IDE password storage settings. You can also access them by opening the Appearance & Behavior \| System Settings \| Passwords page of settings `Ctrl+Alt+S`. For more information about the IDE passwords settings, refer to the Passwords topic.
Create database	Adds an argument to the URL to create a database. This option is available only in some database management systems (for example, in the Apache Derby (Embedded)).
URL	The URL that PyCharm will use to connect to the database. The user interface for specifying the URL is different depending on which option is selected in the Connection type list. For the URL only connection type, the URL field contents are stored in plain text, and are also available in the IDE log file. Use the designated fields to provide your sensitive connection details instead of putting them into the URL field.
Test Connection	Verifies that the database connection settings are correct and PyCharm can communicate with the database. To copy the communication information, click the Copy.

Options

The Options tab includes settings of the database connection.

The set of fields and controls on the tab depends on the option selected in the Connection type list.

Data Source and Drivers dialog: Options tab of Data Sources settings

Item	Description
Connection
Read-only	Set the read-only status. Select the checkbox to protect the data source from accidental data modifications. If the checkbox is selected, you cannot modify the data in the Data editor. Data modifications might be possible in the query console if the driver does not support the read-only status.
Transaction control	Set the isolation level for database transactions and the mode of how the transactions are committed. Auto: the current transaction is committed automatically when you submit your local changes to the database server. Manual: changes submitted to the database server are accumulated in a transaction that can either be committed or rolled back.
Switch schema	Define a mode that PyCharm uses to switch schemas. Automatic: switch schemas automatically or manually. When this option is enabled, the previously configured search path or the current schema are restored automatically between IDE restarts. Manual: switch schemas manually only. Disable: do not switch schemas.
Time zone	Select a time zone to use with the data source. For example, select the time zone of the host that your data source is connected to.
Single session mode	Enable the single session mode. Single session mode means that the data source and all consoles use one and the same session. This mode allows you to see the temporary objects in the database tree, or use the same transaction in different consoles. For more information about consoles, refer to Query consoles.
Run keep-alive query each	Run a keep-alive query to keep the connection alive. You can define the custom query in the driver settings for unsupported databases.
Auto-disconnect after	Disconnect from the database after the specified number of seconds.
Single database mode	In the database tree view, show and enable only the database that you specified in the connection settings. When you connect to a data source, PyCharm can retrieve and display you all the databases that the data source has. But in some cases (for example, with certain settings of PgBouncer), you can or are allowed to work only with a certain database. In the database tree view with the Single database mode enabled, you see only the database that you specified in the connection settings. Consider using this setting for PostgreSQL, Azure SQL Database, Greenplum, Amazon Redshift.
Enable DBMSOUTPUT	(Oracle, IBM Db2 LUW) Enable DBMS_OUTPUT by default for new sessions.
Startup script	Run an SQL query each time you establish a connection. To use built-in IDE macros in your startup script, click Insert Macros. Note: if the Single session mode checkbox is cleared, each new query console creates a new connection.
Introspection
Auto sync	Synchronize the actual state of the database automatically. The state of the database means the database tree view that you see in the Database tool window. If the Auto sync checkbox is selected, the view of the data source is automatically updated: When you click OK in the Data Sources and Drivers dialog. When you run DDL SQL statements in the database consoles associated with the data source. Starting from version 2024.2, for Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server, PyCharm analyzes which objects could be potentially modified by the query and only refreshes the set of these objects. If the statement indirectly modifies any other objects, the IDE can miss such modifications. In this case, click Refresh on the toolbar of the Project tool window to perform a complete model refresh. If the Auto sync checkbox is cleared, the view of the data source in the Database tool window is synchronized with the actual state of the database only when you click the Refresh button or press `Ctrl+F5`) in the toolbar.
Load sources for	Load source code of views, procedures, packages and other database objects for the selected category of schemas: all schemas (All schemas), all schemas excluding system schemas (All excl. system schemas), or disable the feature (None). To change this setting for several data sources simultaneously, select the corresponding data sources. Right-click the selection and navigate to Load Sources and select an option.
Default level	(Oracle) Default introspection level for the database objects.
Use session template	Select a template to be used for your sessions.
Warn when editing outdated DDL	Display a notification if the cached DDL differs from the actual DDL in the database. Every time you open source code, PyCharm displays you a version loaded during the indexing process. But if someone changes the source code from another workstation, the indexed version becomes outdated. If your version is older than the one in the database, you see the following notification: `Cached object differs from the object in the database`.
Track databases/schemas creation and deletion	When you create, delete, or rename a schema, PyCharm updates the list of available schemas in the introspection scope window. To see the introspection scope, click the button near the data source name in the Database tool window.
Use pre-introspected objects for system catalogs that are not introspected	Toggles the usage of pre-introspected objects for system catalogs. For more information about introspection and system catalogs, refer to Pre-introspected objects from system catalogs.
Automatic introspection interval N minutes	Run introspection for the data source once in the specified number of minutes.
Virtual objects and attributes	Defines a path to external-data.xml that stores relations of virtual foreign keys, expressions of virtual columns, and statements of virtual views. For more information about virtual database objects, refer to the Virtual objects section topics.
Other
Code style	Select a code style that you want to use for schemas. For more information about code style customization, refer to Code styles for SQL.
Before connection	Select tasks that PyCharm will perform before the first connection (at the start of a process in which the JDBC driver works). Tasks are run sequentially.
Session Templates	Create templates for your sessions. Template settings override general connection settings of a data source. In a template, you can set the following options: Authentication, Read-only, Startup script, Driver.

SSH/SSL

The SSH/SSL tab includes settings for the SSH or SSL connection.

SSH

Item	Description
Use SSH tunnel	Select this checkbox to enable connecting via SSH. Then choose one of the created SSH configurations from the list, or click and create a new configuration as described in Create SSH configurations.
SSH configuration	Select an SSH configuration to use for the connection. To create a new SSH configuration, click the Add SSH configuration button (). Alternatively, press `Shift+Enter`. To copy the existing SSH configuration, click the Copy button ().

Item

Description

Use SSH tunnel

Select this checkbox to enable connecting via SSH. Then choose one of the created SSH configurations from the list, or click and create a new configuration as described in Create SSH configurations.

SSH configuration

Select an SSH configuration to use for the connection.

To create a new SSH configuration, click the Add SSH configuration button (). Alternatively, press Shift+Enter.

To copy the existing SSH configuration, click the Copy button ().

SSL

Item	Description
Use SSL tunnel	Enable settings for configuring the SSL connection.
Copy from	Copy SSH settings from the existing data source. Click the link and select the corresponding data source.
CA file	Specify the path to the SSL Certificate Authority (CA) certificate file. The certificate file must be the same certificate as used by the server.
Use truststore	Select the truststore to use the certificates that it contains. IDE: Use the certificates that are accepted by the IDE. You can add new accepted certificates in Tools \| Server Certificates. JAVA: Use JAVA truststore certificates. System: Use System truststore certificates. JAVA and System certificates can require updates.
Client certificate file	Specify the path to your (client) public key certificate file.
Client key file	Specify the path to your (client) private key file.

Schemas

Select the databases and schemas to be shown in the Database tool window.

Item	Description
	Refresh the list of the databases and schemas.
	Expand all nodes in all trees.
	Collapse all nodes in all trees.
	Filter the contents in trees. Only the databases and schemas whose names contain the specified text are shown.
Schema pattern	Define a pattern to select the necessary databases and schemas. To get the info about the syntax to be used, place the caret into the field and press `Ctrl+Q`. `@`: the current database or schema. ``: every database or schema. You can list schemas after `:`. Consider the following examples: `:`: all schemas in all databases. `@:`: all schemas from the current database `@:@`: only the current schema `:dbo\|@:@\|db1:s1,s2,s3`: the `dbo` schema from all databases, the current schema, schemas `s1,s2,s3` from the `db1` database.
Object filter	Limit the set of tables and other database objects that are shown in the Database tool window for each data source. For example, if you limit the resolve scope to `table:actor.*`, then only the `actor` table will be accessible in the Database tool window ( View \| Tool Windows \| Database). All other tables will be out of the scope. PyCharm does not resolve objects that are not displayed in the Database tool window. Use the following pattern when you compose an expression for the Object filter field. `<type>:[-]<pattern>`, where: `<type>` might be an aggregate, collation, event, fdw, ftable, mview, operator, package, role, routine, sequence, synonym, table, user, view, vtable. `<pattern>` is a regular expression. To exclude an item, prepend with `-` (minus). For more information about regular expressions, refer to Class Patterns at JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Edition 5.0 API Specification.
Show internal system schemas	Show or hide internal system schemas (for example, `pg_toast` or `pg_temp`). The option is available for PostgreSQL only.
Show template databases	Show or hide template databases (for example, `template1`, `template0`). The option is available for PostgreSQL only.

Advanced

The Advanced tab includes the database connection properties, options and environment variables for the JVM database driver.

The table on the Advanced tab displays a set of connection options that are passed to the database driver as key and value pairs.

When you select a cell in the Name column, the description of the corresponding option is shown underneath the table.

To add a row, start editing the values in the last row, where <user defined> and <value> are shown. A new row is added to the table automatically.

Item	Description
VM options	JVM options for the database driver. For certain Oracle Database versions (for example, Oracle version 9), there might be connection problems when you and your database server are in different time zones. You can specify the time offset for your timezone in the VM Option field (for example, `-Duser.timezone=UTC+03:00`). Alternatively, set the variable `oracle.jdbc.timezoneAsRegion` to `false` in the table on the Advanced tab.
VM environment	Environment variables for the database driver JVM. For example, encoding-related issues in an Oracle database can be solved by setting the `NLS_LANG` variable (like `NLS_LANG=Russian_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251`). For more information, refer to Oracle NLS_LANG FAQ.
Working directory	The working directory for the process that handles working with data sources. Also, all relative paths are resolved relatively to this directory (for example, paths in driver properties). For example, if you create a file-based database like SQLite and do not set the path for the SQLITE file, the file will be created in this working directory.

Item

Description

VM options

JVM options for the database driver.

For certain Oracle Database versions (for example, Oracle version 9), there might be connection problems when you and your database server are in different time zones. You can specify the time offset for your timezone in the VM Option field (for example, -Duser.timezone=UTC+03:00). Alternatively, set the variable oracle.jdbc.timezoneAsRegion to false in the table on the Advanced tab.

VM environment

Environment variables for the database driver JVM.

For example, encoding-related issues in an Oracle database can be solved by setting the NLS_LANG variable (like NLS_LANG=Russian_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251). For more information, refer to Oracle NLS_LANG FAQ.

Working directory

The working directory for the process that handles working with data sources. Also, all relative paths are resolved relatively to this directory (for example, paths in driver properties).

For example, if you create a file-based database like SQLite and do not set the path for the SQLITE file, the file will be created in this working directory.

For more information, refer to your DBMS documentation.

DDL Data Sources

A DDL data source is defined by its name and can reference one or more DDL files and another data source (a parent data source).

Item	Description
Name	The data source name.
Sources	List of files that contain the necessary DDL definitions. `Alt+Insert`. Add a DDL SQL file or files to the data source definition. In the dialog that opens, select the necessary file or files. (`Alt+Delete`). Remove the selected file or files from the list. (`Alt+Up`). Move the selected file one line up in the list. (`Alt+Down`). Move the selected file one line down in the list.
Extend	Optionally, you can select another data source as a parent in the Extend list. As a result, the data source that you are editing inherits all DDL definitions from its parent. If you do not want to use the parent data source, select <none>.

Item

Description

Name

The data source name.

Sources

List of files that contain the necessary DDL definitions.

Alt+Insert. Add a DDL SQL file or files to the data source definition. In the dialog that opens, select the necessary file or files.
(Alt+Delete). Remove the selected file or files from the list.
(Alt+Up). Move the selected file one line up in the list.
(Alt+Down). Move the selected file one line down in the list.

Extend

Optionally, you can select another data source as a parent in the Extend list. As a result, the data source that you are editing inherits all DDL definitions from its parent.

If you do not want to use the parent data source, select <none>.

Drivers

Settings pane of a driver includes the following tabs: General, Options, Advanced.

General

The General tab includes settings for driver files, URL templates, and driver classes.

Item	Description
Class	The fully qualified name of the driver class to be used.
Driver Files	PyCharm uses JDBC drivers to interact with a database. You can download and use a driver from the PyCharm driver repository or specify the driver that you store on your computer. To download and use the latest driver version, click the Download ver. N link. You can also specify and use a driver with a particular version number. Click the ver. <version_number> link and select the driver version that you want to use. The selected version is downloaded and applied automatically. You can use the driver that is already available on your computer. In that case, click the Add button and select the driver files (with the JAR extension).
URL templates	The templates used to construct the database URL. The text in curly brackets represents variables. Consider the following examples: `{host}`: the domain name or IP address of the database host. `{port}`: the database port number. `{database}`: the name of the database or schema. Optional fragments are in square brackets, for example, `[:{port}]`. Template names correspond to the names of the options in the URL option list.

Item

Description

Class

The fully qualified name of the driver class to be used.

Driver Files

PyCharm uses JDBC drivers to interact with a database. You can download and use a driver from the PyCharm driver repository or specify the driver that you store on your computer.

To download and use the latest driver version, click the Download ver. N link.

You can also specify and use a driver with a particular version number. Click the ver. <version_number> link and select the driver version that you want to use. The selected version is downloaded and applied automatically.

You can use the driver that is already available on your computer. In that case, click the Add button and select the driver files (with the JAR extension).

URL templates

The templates used to construct the database URL. The text in curly brackets represents variables. Consider the following examples:

{host}: the domain name or IP address of the database host.
{port}: the database port number.
{database}: the name of the database or schema.

Optional fragments are in square brackets, for example, [:{port}].

Template names correspond to the names of the options in the URL option list.

Options

Item	Description
Connection
Transaction control	Set the isolation level for database transactions and the mode of how the transactions are committed. Auto The current transaction is committed automatically when you submit your local changes to the database server. Manual The changes submitted to the database server are accumulated in a transaction that can either be committed or rolled back.
Switch schema	Define a mode that PyCharm uses to switch schemas. Automatic: switch schemas automatically or manually. Manual: switch schemas manually only. Disable: do not switch schemas.
Startup script	An SQL query that will run each time you establish a connection. Note: if the Single session mode checkbox is cleared, each new query console creates a new connection.
Keep-alive query	A keep-alive query that will run to keep the connection alive.
Introspection
Auto sync	The default setting for the auto sync option.
Load sources for	Load source code of database objects for the selected category of schemas.
Send application info	When connecting to a database server, PyCharm sends the info about itself if this checkbox is selected.
Connection
Dialect	The SQL dialect associated with the corresponding data sources.
Code style	Selects a code style that you want to use for the data sources that use this driver. For more information about code style customization, refer to Code styles for SQL.
Format synced sources	Apply the code style to source code of database objects after synchronization.

Advanced

The Advanced tab includes JVM options, environment variables, and options that can be passed to the database driver as key-value pairs.

To start editing a value in the table, double-click the corresponding Value field.

To add a row, start editing the values in the last row, where <user defined> and <value> are shown. A new row will be added to the table automatically.

Data Source and Drivers dialog: Advanced tab of Drivers settings

Item	Description
VM Options	The default options for the JVM in which the database driver runs. The driver is started as a separate process in the JVM.
VM environment	Environment variables for the database driver JVM. For example, encoding-related issues in an Oracle database can be solved by setting the `NLS_LANG` variable (like `NLS_LANG=Russian_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251`). For more information, refer to Oracle NLS_LANG FAQ.

Item

Description

VM Options

The default options for the JVM in which the database driver runs. The driver is started as a separate process in the JVM.

VM environment

Environment variables for the database driver JVM.

Expert options

Item	Description
Disable incremental introspection	Do not perform the incremental introspection. The option is available for Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL and similar databases, . With the incremental introspection, the introspector detects objects changed in the database after the previous introspection and loads only these objects. When you enable this option, the introspector always loads all objects. It might greatly increase the introspection time.
Do not use xmin in queries to pgdatabase	Do not use the `xmin` attribute in queries to the `pg_database` table. Use this workaround when `xmin` is absent in `pg_database`. Note that your database might be corrupted. The option is available only for PostgreSQL.
Introspect using JDBC metadata	Switch to the JDBC-based introspector. Available for all the databases. To retrieve information about database objects (DB metadata), PyCharm uses the following introspectors: A native introspector (might be unavailable for certain DBMS). The native introspector uses DBMS-specific tables and views as a source of metadata. It can retrieve DBMS-specific details and produce a more precise picture of database objects. A JDBC-based introspector (available for all the DBMS). The JDBC-based introspector uses the metadata provided by the JDBC driver. It can retrieve only standard information about database objects and their properties. Consider using the JDBC-based introspector when the native introspector fails or is not available. The native introspector can fail when your database server version is older than the minimum version supported by PyCharm. You can try to switch to the JDBC-based introspector to fix problems with retrieving the database structure information from your database. For example, when the schemas that exist in your database or database objects below the schema level are not shown in the Database tool window.
Isolate class path	Isolate class path used by JDBC driver.
Use IDE proxy settings	Passes IDE proxy settings to JDBC process.

Kubernetes

With PyCharm, you can connect to a database running in a Kubernetes cluster.

The Kubernetes tab is not available for embedded databases (for example, SQLite, Apache Derby, or HSQLDB) that don't have dedicated ports.

Item	Description
Use Kubernetes port forwarding	Enables port forwarding.
Context	Select a Kubernetes context to use.
Namespace	Select a namespace, which determines the available set of resources.
Resource type	Select the type of resource.
Resource	Select a resource to connect to.
Host port	Enter a local port to forward data to and from.
Container port	Enter a remote port of the cluster resource.

DDL Mappings

Item	Description
Name	Name of the DDL mapping.
Data Source	Sets the regular data source.
DDL Data Source	Sets the DDL data source.
Scope	Sets the scope of regular data source database objects that will be mapped to the DDL data source SQL files.

Problems

If potential problems are detected, there is a number to the right of Problems. In that case, if you click Problems, you see the list of problems as well as controls for fixing them.

Last modified: 08 November 2024